Vermont Barbers and Cosmetologists Practice Exam 2025 - Free Barber and Cosmetologist Practice Questions and Study Guide

The main ingredient in a typical relaxer is sodium hydroxide or ammonium thioglycolate, which serve as the primary active agents in the process of chemical relaxation. Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkaline substance that breaks down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to straighten out. This process modifies the hair’s molecular structure, resulting in a smoother and more manageable texture.

Ammonium thioglycolate, on the other hand, is a milder alternative used in some relaxers, particularly for softer textures. It also alters the hair's bonds, but typically involves less damage than sodium hydroxide. Both ingredients are critical in effectively transforming curly or wavy hair into straight hair by chemically altering its composition.

Other options such as calcium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide, and ethyl alcohol do not serve the primary role in hair relaxing treatments. Calcium carbonate may have a role in other cosmetic formulations, while hydrogen peroxide is more commonly associated with lightening treatments, and ethyl alcohol is primarily used as a solvent or antiseptic, not as a relaxant. Understanding this distinction helps clarify the most effective components utilized in hair relaxing products.